Other groups who appear to be at slightly increased risk for hepatitis C are: People with high-risk sexual behavior, multiple partners, and sexually transmitted diseases. People who snort cocaine using shared equipment. People who have shared toothbrushes, razors and other personal items with a family member that is HCV-infected. Are you at risk? Questions or comments: hepatabc health.
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You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Your in-depth digestive health guide will be in your inbox shortly. You will also receive emails from Mayo Clinic on the latest health news, research, and care. The infection spreads when blood contaminated with the virus enters the bloodstream of an uninfected person. Globally, HCV exists in several distinct forms, known as genotypes. Seven distinct HCV genotypes and more than 67 subtypes have been identified.
Although chronic hepatitis C follows a similar course regardless of the genotype of the infecting virus, treatment recommendations vary depending on viral genotype. A normal liver left shows no signs of scarring. In cirrhosis right , scar tissue replaces normal liver tissue. Liver cancer begins in the cells of the liver. The most common form of liver cancer begins in cells called hepatocytes and is called hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatitis C infection that continues over many years can cause significant complications, such as:. Hepatitis C care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview The liver Open pop-up dialog box Close. The liver The liver is your largest internal organ. Email address. First Name let us know your preferred name.
Last Name. Thank you for subscribing Your in-depth digestive health guide will be in your inbox shortly. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Normal liver vs. There is a risk that hepatitis C may be passed on by using tattooing or body piercing equipment that has not been properly sterilised.
However, most tattoo and body piercing parlours in the UK operate to high standards and are regulated by law, so this risk is low. There is a small chance that a mother who is infected with the hepatitis C virus will pass the infection on to her baby. It's not thought that the virus can be passed on by a mother to her baby in her breast milk. There's a small — approximately 1 in 50 — risk of getting hepatitis C if your skin is accidentally punctured by a needle used by someone with hepatitis C.
Healthcare workers, nurses and laboratory technicians are at increased risk because they are in regular close contact with blood and bodily fluids that may contain blood. Page last reviewed: 27 October Next review due: 27 October Injecting drugs People who inject drugs, including illegal recreational drugs and performance-enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids , are at the highest risk of becoming infected with hepatitis C. Less common causes Unprotected sex Hepatitis C may be transmitted during sex without using a condom unprotected sex , although this risk is considered very low.
If your partner has hepatitis C, you should be tested for the condition. Blood donations before September Since September , all blood donated in the UK is checked for the hepatitis C virus. Blood transfusions and treatment abroad If you have a blood transfusion or medical or dental treatment overseas where medical equipment is not sterilised properly, you may become infected with hepatitis C. Sharing toothbrushes, scissors and razors There's a potential risk that hepatitis C may be passed on through sharing items such as toothbrushes, razors and scissors, as they can become contaminated with infected blood.
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